Module 2: Organelle Involvement in Protein Synthesis

These free OCR A Level Biology Organelle Involvement in Protein Synthesis revision notes have been written for specification point 2.1.1(i).

  1. Microscopy
  2. Microscopy Calculations
  3. Preparing Microscope Slides
  4. Eukaryotic Cell Structure
  5. Prokaryotic Cell Structure
  6. Organelle Involvement in Protein Synthesis
  7. Water
  8. Introduction to Macromolecules
  9. Carbohydrates
  10. Lipids
  11. Proteins
  12. Inorganic Ions
  13. Chemical Tests for Biomolecules
  14. Colorimetry
  15. Chromatography
  16. Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids
  17. DNA Replication
  18. Genetic Code
  19. Protein Synthesis
  20. Enzymes
  21. Biological Membranes
  22. Water Potential and Osmosis
  23. Eukaryotic Cell Cycle
  24. Mitosis and Cytokinesis
  25. Meiosis
  26. Stem Cells
  27. Organisation in Animals
  28. Organisation in Plants
Protein Synthesis and Organelles

Protein synthesis assembles amino acids into a polypeptide chain, which is then folded and modified into a protein.

It consists of two phases, transcription and translation:

  • Transcription is when a gene is transcribed (copied) to produce mRNA (messenger RNA).
  • Translation is when ribosomes make a polypeptide (protein) chain by ‘reading’ the bases on mRNA to assemble amino acids in the correct order.

However, it takes many organelles working together to produce a fully functioning protein.

The order of organelles involved (usually) is:

Nucleolus → Nuclear Membrane → Ribosome → Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum → Vesicle → Golgi Apparatus → Secretory Vesicle → Cell Surface Membrane

Diagram of organelles doing protein synthesis - OCR A Level Biology revision
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